Key Concept 2.2: The British colonies participated in political, social, cultural, and economic exchanges with Great Britain that encouraged both stronger bonds with Britain and resistance to Britain’s control.
I. Transatlantic commercial, religious, philosophical, and political exchanges led residents of the British colonies to evolve in their political and cultural attitudes as they became increasingly tied to Britain and one another.
A) The presence of different European religious and ethnic groups contributed to a significant degree of pluralism and intellectual exchange, which were later enhanced by the first Great Awakening and the spread of European Enlightenment ideas.
~North was mostly Puritan or separatist
~South was mostly Anglican
~Great Awakening
~George Whitefield
~Jonathan Edwards
B) The British colonies experienced a gradual Anglicization over time, developing autonomous political communities based on English models with influence from intercolonial commercial ties, the emergence of a trans-Atlantic print culture, and the spread of Protestant evangelicalism.
~Most colonies had an appointed governor and elected assembly
~Some proprietary colonies didn't follow that
~Propritors basically ruled as kings
C) The British government increasingly attempted to incorporate its North American colonies into a coherent, hierarchical, and imperial structure in order to pursue mercantilist economic aims, but conflicts with colonists and American Indians led to erratic enforcement of imperial policies.
~Enforced taxes and Navigation Acts
~Indian Conflicts: Bacon's and Pontiac's Rebellion
D) Colonists’ resistance to imperial control drew on local experiences of self government, evolving ideas of liberty, the political thought of the Enlightenment, greater religious independence and diversity, and an ideology critical of perceived corruption in the imperial system.
~Sons and Daughters of Liberty
~First and Second Continental Congress
~Committees of Correspondence
~Enlightenment led by George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards
II. Like other European empires in the Americas that participated in the Atlantic slave trade, the English colonies developed a system of slavery that reflected the specific economic, demographic, and geographic characteristics of those colonies.
A) All the British colonies participated to varying degrees in the Atlantic slave trade due to the abundance of land and a growing European demand for colonial goods, as well as a shortage of indentured servants. Small New England farms used relatively few enslaved laborers, all port cities held significant minorities of enslaved people, and the emerging plantation systems of the Chesapeake and the southernmost Atlantic coast had large numbers of enslaved workers, while the great majority of enslaved Africans were sent to the West Indies.
~Southern and Middle colonies started using African slaves
~Northern colonies shipped slaves and sold Indians into slavery
B) As chattel slavery became the dominant labor system in many southern colonies, new laws created a strict racial system that prohibited interracial relationships and defined the descendants of African American mothers as black and enslaved in perpetuity
~Slave codes:
-Established that kids born into slavery were slaves for life
- Determined the status of slaves and the rights of their owners.
-Placed harsh restrictions on slaves' already limited freedoms
C) Africans developed both overt and covert means to resist the dehumanizing aspects of slavery and maintain their family and gender systems, culture, and religion.
~1712 revolt in New York- 21 Africans were executed
~Used voodoo to practice native religion
~Blended their native language with English
~Brought instruments: banjo, bongos
I. Transatlantic commercial, religious, philosophical, and political exchanges led residents of the British colonies to evolve in their political and cultural attitudes as they became increasingly tied to Britain and one another.
A) The presence of different European religious and ethnic groups contributed to a significant degree of pluralism and intellectual exchange, which were later enhanced by the first Great Awakening and the spread of European Enlightenment ideas.
~North was mostly Puritan or separatist
~South was mostly Anglican
~Great Awakening
~George Whitefield
~Jonathan Edwards
B) The British colonies experienced a gradual Anglicization over time, developing autonomous political communities based on English models with influence from intercolonial commercial ties, the emergence of a trans-Atlantic print culture, and the spread of Protestant evangelicalism.
~Most colonies had an appointed governor and elected assembly
~Some proprietary colonies didn't follow that
~Propritors basically ruled as kings
C) The British government increasingly attempted to incorporate its North American colonies into a coherent, hierarchical, and imperial structure in order to pursue mercantilist economic aims, but conflicts with colonists and American Indians led to erratic enforcement of imperial policies.
~Enforced taxes and Navigation Acts
~Indian Conflicts: Bacon's and Pontiac's Rebellion
D) Colonists’ resistance to imperial control drew on local experiences of self government, evolving ideas of liberty, the political thought of the Enlightenment, greater religious independence and diversity, and an ideology critical of perceived corruption in the imperial system.
~Sons and Daughters of Liberty
~First and Second Continental Congress
~Committees of Correspondence
~Enlightenment led by George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards
II. Like other European empires in the Americas that participated in the Atlantic slave trade, the English colonies developed a system of slavery that reflected the specific economic, demographic, and geographic characteristics of those colonies.
A) All the British colonies participated to varying degrees in the Atlantic slave trade due to the abundance of land and a growing European demand for colonial goods, as well as a shortage of indentured servants. Small New England farms used relatively few enslaved laborers, all port cities held significant minorities of enslaved people, and the emerging plantation systems of the Chesapeake and the southernmost Atlantic coast had large numbers of enslaved workers, while the great majority of enslaved Africans were sent to the West Indies.
~Southern and Middle colonies started using African slaves
~Northern colonies shipped slaves and sold Indians into slavery
B) As chattel slavery became the dominant labor system in many southern colonies, new laws created a strict racial system that prohibited interracial relationships and defined the descendants of African American mothers as black and enslaved in perpetuity
~Slave codes:
-Established that kids born into slavery were slaves for life
- Determined the status of slaves and the rights of their owners.
-Placed harsh restrictions on slaves' already limited freedoms
C) Africans developed both overt and covert means to resist the dehumanizing aspects of slavery and maintain their family and gender systems, culture, and religion.
~1712 revolt in New York- 21 Africans were executed
~Used voodoo to practice native religion
~Blended their native language with English
~Brought instruments: banjo, bongos